3F. R. Leavis, The Great Tradition, London: Chatto and Windus, 1948, p. 219, p. 221.
4Norman Page, A Conrad Companion, London: The MacMillan Press Ltd. , 1986, p. 96, p. 95.
5Joseph Conrad, The Secret Agent, London: Penguin Books Ltd. , 1994, p. 8.
6《反杜林论》,见《马克思恩格斯选集》,人民出版社,1972年,第三卷,第91页.
7米兰·昆德拉.《小说的艺术》,唐小渡译,作家出版社,1993年,第59页.
8帕斯.《批评的激情》,云南人民出版社,1995年,第252页.
9爱·摩·福斯特.《小说面面观》,花城出版社.1987年,第32页.
10Joseph Frank, "Spatial Form in Modem Literature," in Essentials of the Theory of Fiction, eds. Michael J.Hoffman &. Patrick D. Murphy, Durham and London:Duke University Press, 1988, pp. 87 - 88.