1Icy Smith, The Lonely Queue: the Forgotten History of the Courageous Chinese Americans in Los Angeles, Gardena, CA : East West Discovery Press, 2000, pp. 55, 68.
2William Carlson Smith, The Second Generation Oriental in America, Honolulu, Hawaii: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1927, p. 7.
3Pardee I.owe, Father and Glorious Descendant, Boston : Little Brown, 1943, p. 132.
4Xiao-huang Yin, Chinese American literature since the 1850s, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000, pp. 121 - 135.
5南加利福尼亚华人历史学会1979年10月23日、25日对张亚瑟访谈手抄本.第3页.
6Xiao-huang Yin, Chinese American literature since the 1850s, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000,第143页.
7Ronald Takaki, Strangers from Different Shore, A History of Asian Americans, Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 256.
8Charles Hirschman and Morrison Wong, " The Extraordinary Educational Attainment of Asian Americans; A Search for Historical Evidence and Explanations", Social Forces 65 (1986) : pp. 1 - 27.
9Ronald Takaki, Strangers from Different Shore, A History of Asian Americans, Boston : Little, Brown and Company, 1989, p. 267.
10Carey McWilliams, Brothers Under the Skin, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1942, p. 111
