基本权利对民事法律行为效力的影响及其限度

The Influence of Basic Rights on the Effectiveness of Civil Legal Act and Its Limitation

基本权利对民事法律行为效力的影响是基本权利进入民法场域的重要管道。这种影响不是通过基本权利对民事法律行为的直接适用实现的,而是通过公法性强制规范和公序良俗原则发挥其影响。违反公法性强制规范不足以对民事法律行为效力产生绝对否定性的影响,法院审查和判断的准则是:否认违反公法性强制规范之民事法律行为的效力,是否会构成对相关基本权利的过当侵害。是否构成过当侵害的判断标准是比例原则。违反公序良俗是导致民事法律行为无效的一个重要原因。法官在适用公序良俗原则判断民事法律行为效力的时候必须借助基本权利对其进行客观化塑造,但必须对注入私法场域的基本权利进行流量控制。

The influence of basic rights on the effectiveness of civil legal act is one of the important channels for the entry of basic rights into civil law field. It is not achieved by direct application, but by mandatory norms of public law and public order and good customs. The criterion of the court＇s examination and judgment of whether the violation of the public law＇s mandatory norms is absolutely negatively affecting the validity of civil legal act is whether to deny that the validity of the civil legal act violating the mandatory norm of public law will constitute an excessive infringement of the relevant basic rights. And the criterion of excessive infringement is the Proportion Principle. Violation of public order and good morals is one of the important reasons leading to the invalidation of civil legal act. Judges must use basic rights to shape the objective status of civil legal act in order to determine the effectiveness of them, but must put flow control on basic rights injected into private law field at the same time.