大脑皮层PT、IT神经元在运动调控中的作用

Review on the Roles of PT and IT Neurons of Cerebral Cortex in Motor Control

皮层运动区是随意运动起始和终止的高级中枢,基底神经节是皮层下一些相互联系的神经核团的总称,在锥体外系的易化系统中居于中心地位。运动指令由皮层运动区发出,经基底神经节整合处理后再经丘脑回传至皮层运动区(皮层-基底神经节-丘脑-皮层环路),最终实现对随意运动功能的调控。端脑内侧束(intratelencephalic,IT)和锥体束(pyramidal tract,PT)神经元是皮层内的2类锥体神经元,2者与基底神经节各核团之间存在密切的纤维联系,在运动调节中发挥着不同的调控作用。作者以IT和PT为切入点,对它们在皮层内的分布和形态结构特征以及在随意运动调控中的作用等方面的研究进行综述,以期为运动性疲劳中枢机制的研究以及靶向干预提供必要的理论依据和新的思路。

Cortical motor area is the senior centre of the voluntary movement initiation and termination. The basal ganglion is the general term of subcortical nuclei that are interconnected with each other and it plays a central position in the facilitation system of the extrapyramidal system. Motor commands are issued by the motor cortex, and are relayed by the basal ganglia, then the feedback information is transmitted to the cortex motor area （cortico, basal ganglion, thalamus, conical loop ） , finally voluntary movement function is regulated. Intratelencephalic （IT） and pyramidal tract （PT） are the two kinds of pyramidal neurons in the cortex and they are closely related to the nucleus of the basal ganglion. Taking PT and IT as the breakthrough points, this study reviews their morphological characteristics, their distribution, and their roles in the regulation of voluntary movement, in order to provide necessary theoretical basis and new ideas for research of the exercise-induced central fatigue mechanism and targeted interventions.