儿童少年脑电活动年龄特征及其速度素质

Children' EEG Characteristics and Speed Quality with Age

目的:儿童少年随年龄增长,大脑发育渐趋完善,速度素质也随之提高。脑电图记录到的皮层神经元集群电活动可以反应中枢神经发育成熟情况。旨在研究正常儿童少年随年龄增长脑电变化特征及其速度素质发展,希望找到儿童少年发育过程中的脑电图变化特征及其速度发展的中枢机理。方法:研究对象为四川省广元市620名6~16岁中小学生,采用Nation9128W数字化脑电图仪测试其安静闭目清醒状态下脑电图及其50 m速度,分析各脑区导联随年龄增长的分布规律、发展变化以及速度发展中枢机理。结果:1)总体上,6~16岁儿童少年脑电各频段的绝对和相对功率均具有显著的年龄差异。随年龄增长,δ、θ、α1波的绝对和相对功率均减少,α2波的绝对和相对功率均增加,而β波的绝对功率减少,相对功率增加;并且6~11岁和13~15岁是α2波的快速增长期。2)额区和颞区6~16岁一直以δ波为主,中央区6~14岁以δ波为主,15岁以后形成α波优势;顶区6~10岁以δ波为主,15岁以后形成α波优势;枕区6岁开始一直以α波为主;且6~12岁儿童少年速度素质与θ/β和α2%相关。结论:1)儿童少年各区脑电图具有明显的年龄阶段特征,其中6~11岁和13~15岁是青少年脑发育快速增长期,中央区和顶区在15岁基本发育成熟,而枕区在6岁时就发育成熟,儿童少年大脑发育成熟顺序为枕区、顶区、中央区、颞区、额区。2)儿童少年速度素质的增加在12岁之前主要依赖于神经系统的发育完善。

Objective ： The brain of children is developing more and more perfect with age, and the speed quality is also improved. The electrical activities recorded by Electroencephalogram （EEG） can reflect the development status of central nervous system. This study focused on the EEG characteristics and speed quality development of normal adolescents with age, in order to find the central mechanism. Methods ： Six hundred and twenty 6-16 years old students in Guangyuan City of Sichuan province were selected, their EEG in quiet state with closed their eyes was measured, and their 50m sprint speed were tested by Nation9128, and the central mechanism of distribution law and development law of EEG and speed quality with age was analyzed. Results ： 1 ） In general, the absolute and relative powers of EEG were different in different ages. The absolute and relative powers of δ wave, θ wave and α1 wave decreased, α2 wave＇s increased, the absolute power of β wave decreased but its relative power increased. The 6-11 and 13-15 years old are rapid growth periods of α2 wave. 2） The δ wave was dominant in frontal and temporal regions of 6-16 years old children, and dominant in central region of 6-14 years old children, but is gradually replaced by α wave after 15 years old. The δ wave was dominant in parietal area of 6-10 years old children, but is gradually replaced by α wave after 15 years old. The α wave was dominant in occipital region after 6 years old. The 6-12 years old children＇s speed quality was related to θ/β and α2%. Conclusions： Children＇s EEG has age characteristics, the 6-11 and 13-15 years old are rapid brain growth periods of children, the children＇s central and parietal areas are mature at the age of 15, and the occipital region is at the age of 6. The brain development sequence is occipital region at first, and followed by parietal area, central region, temporal area and frontal region. The increase of speed quality of children before 12 years old depends on the development of nervous system.