城乡收入差距的变化及其对全国收入差距的影响

Urban-Rural Income Gap and Its Effects on National Income Inequality

本文在中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)2007年和2013年全国住户调查数据的基础上,讨论了这一时期城乡居民收入差距的变化及其对于全国居民收入差距的影响。本文的主要发现表明,从人群组分解来看,城乡之间收入差距的缩小和农村人口份额的下降是导致这一时期全国居民收入差距缩小的主要原因,但城乡之间的组间不平等对于当年的全国收入差距仍具有非常高的解释份额。在基于收入函数的不平等指数分解中,控制教育、家庭结构、地区等因素后,城乡差距对于总体收入差距仍具有非常高的解释份额,也是这一时期收入基尼系数变化最为关键的解释因素。尽管城乡收入差距随着收入分布分位点的上升而下降,但从基于收入分布的分解分析来看,禀赋效应对于城乡收入差距的解释作用随着收入分布分位点的上升而上升,教育的禀赋效应尤其如此。

Based on household surveys conducted by the China Household Income Projects at 2007 and 2013, this paper focuses on the urban-rural income gap and its effects on national income inequality. The inequality decomposition by subpopulations indicates the declined urban-rural income gap and share of rural population reduced the national inequality from 2007 to 2013, while urban-rural income gap still contributes a large proportion of national inequality. Inequality decomposition based on the regressed income functions, with education attainment, demographic structure and regions being controlled, also indicates the urban-rural inequality is the crucial contributor on national inequality （Gini） during the period of 2007 - 2013. By the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition on quantiles of income distribution, the proportion of endowment effects increases in the higher quantile, especially for education attainment