Nat Immunol:科学家阐明如何有效抑制自身免疫疾病的发生

Neutrophils license iNKT cells to regulate self-reactive mouse B cell responses

机体免疫系统中一种未知的安全机制能够保持机体免于自身免疫疾病，日前一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Immunology上的研究报告中，来自瑞典卡罗琳学院的研究人员通过研究发现。机体先天性免疫系统中的细胞能够阻止后天性的免疫系统对机体固有的细胞产生反应，否则就会引发诸如系统性红斑狼疮等自身免疫疾病的发生。

The innate responsiveness of the immune system is important not only for quick responses to pathogens but also for the initiation and shaping of the subsequent adaptive immune response. Activation via the cytokine IL-18, a product of inflammasomes, gives rise to a rapid response that includes the production of self-reactive antibodies. As increased concentrations of this cytokine are found in inflammatory diseases, we investigated the origin of the B cell response and its regulation. We identified an accumulation of B cell-helper neutrophils in the spleen that interacted with innate-type invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) to regulate B cell responses. We found that neutrophil-dependent expression of the death-receptor ligand FasL by iNKT cells was needed to restrict autoantibody production. Neutrophils can thus license iNKT cells to regulate potentially harmful autoreactive B cell responses during inflammasome-driven inflammation.