朗西埃眼中的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》与《资本论》

Ranciere's Understanding of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and Capital

在1965年法文第一版《读〈资本论〉》中,朗西埃的文章《批判概念与政治经济学批判:从〈1844年手稿〉到〈资本论〉》紧接着阿尔都塞的序言式文章《从〈资本论〉到马克思的哲学》排在第二篇,但却在《读〈资本论〉》1968年再版时被阿尔都塞删除了,因此在我国学界和英语学界所熟悉的《读〈资本论〉》一书中我们看不到朗西埃的这篇文章。朗西埃在这篇文章中,表现出与阿尔都塞不同的独特见解。朗西埃对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的解读,虽然带有阿尔都塞结构主义的框架和"有罪阅读"方法的认识论导向,但他用独特的论证方式对马克思的这一文本进行了细致的解读和思想史定位。朗西埃在分析《资本论》中的科学问题式时,一方面应用了阿尔都塞的结构主义的观念,另一方面又借用了米勒的拉康式精神分析概念——"转喻因果"概念,并结合马克思所使用概念,如形式、核心格式塔、完形格式塔等,将它们糅合到自己的分析中去,体现出许多超出阿尔都塞的地方。

In his 'The Concept of Critique and the Critique of Political Economy:From the 1844 Manuscripts to Capital',Ranciere expresses his ideas different from his mentor Althusser.In his reading of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,despite of the influence of Althusser’s general structuralist framework and epistemological methodology of a'guilty reading',Ranciere finds his own way to decipher the text and gives its positioning within the history of thoughts.In his reading of Capital and its scientific problems,Ranciere combines Althusser’s structuralist idea and Miller’s Lacanian psychoanalytical conception of metonymic causality,together with Marx’s own concepts,such as form,Kerngestalt,fertige Gestalt,to formulate his own analysis of the text,which in many places overtakes Althusser’s own.