新疆旅游规模差异及位序体系变化研究

Disparity of Tourism Scale And Construction of System Rank-Scale Distribution in Xinjiang

以2001-2013年新疆旅游收入的相关统计数据为基础,运用标准差、变异系数、基尼系数、赫芬达尔指数以及首位度,对新疆15个地州市国内及入境旅游规模差异及其位序体系构建进行了分析.研究结果表明:(1)新疆国内及入境旅游发展很不均衡;(2)新疆15个地州市国内旅游规模差距较大,国内旅游规模分布过度集中,但也有进一步扩散的趋势,国内旅游竞争较激烈,竞争力优势明显的是乌鲁木齐市、阿勒泰地区、吐鲁番地区,竞争力下滑明显的是喀什地区;在入境旅游规模方面,新疆15个地州市差距大,集聚化明显,但有扩散的趋势,入境旅游竞争力进一步加强.竞争力优势明显的是乌鲁木齐市、伊犁州直属县市、阿勒泰地区、哈密地区及巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,竞争力下滑明显的是阿克苏地区、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州及喀什地区;(3)新疆国内及入境旅游规模符合位序规模分布.国内旅游规模由集中型分布向首位型分布演变,入境旅游规模呈首位型分布,但有向集中型,甚至分散型演变的趋势.根据研究结果提出了调整新疆旅游规模结构失衡的建议.

Disparity of tourism scale and construction of system rank-scale distribution in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2013 was analyzed with the method of standard deviation,coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient,Herfindal Index and the theory of rank-scale. The results showed： （1） It wasn＇t balanced about development of domestic and inbound tourism in Xinjiang; （2） The disparity was big for domestic tourism scale in fifteen Prefectures,Autonomous Prefectures and Cities of Xinjiang. Its distribution was too concen- trated,but It had a tendency to be spread further. Competition of domestic tourism was violent. Obvious competitive advantage was concentrated in Urumqi City Altay Administrative Offices and Turpan Administrative Offices. The decline of competitiveness was concentrated in Kashgar Administrative Offices. The gap was big among fifteen Prefectures, Autonomous Prefectures and Cities of inbound tourism scale in Xinjiang. It had obvious agglomeration, But there was a tendency to be spread. The competitiveness of inbound tourism was further strengthened. Obvious competitive advantage was concentrated in Urumqi City, Counties （Cities） Direct Under Ill Prefecture, Altay Administrative Offices, Hami Administrative Offices and Bayangol Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. The decline of competitiveness was concentrated in Aksu Administrative Offices,Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and Kasbgar [Kaxgar] Administrative Offices; （3） Domestic and inbound tourism in Xinjiang was in accordance with rank-scale distribution. It was transformed from the centralized type to primacy type for domestic tourism scale. It was the distribution of primacy type for inbound tourism, It was directed toward the trend of centralization and decentralization.The countermeasures for adjusting unbalanced tourism structure were given.