2014—2015年全国口岸及边境线鼠类监测报告

Surveillance on the native rodents at ports of china in 2014—2015

目的掌握全国口岸及边境线鼠类种类及分布特征。方法 2014—2015年,采用行业标准的监测方法,在全国34个直属出入境检验检疫局244个口岸及相邻边境线开展鼠类监测,分析捕获鼠类种类及其携带鼠疫菌、汉坦病毒和伯氏疏螺旋体情况。结果共捕获鼠类9 145只,分属4目7科28属55种,其中褐家鼠、臭鼩鼱、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠及小家鼠捕获数量较多,捕获比例分别为30%、15%、15%、14%和8%。陆路口岸共捕获38种鼠类,鼠种丰富度最高,空港和港口口岸分别捕获19种和20种,鼠种丰富度相对较低。共有10个直属出入境检验检疫局47个口岸在159只鼠类检测到汉坦病毒核酸,以褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠较多;2个直属出入境检验检疫局在2只鼠类中检测到伯氏疏螺旋体;未检测到鼠疫菌。结论应根据口岸类型、鼠种丰富度及不同优势种确定口岸鼠类监测的重点,提高监测的针对性和有效性。

Objective To analyze the species composition and distribution of native rodents at all the ports of china. Methods With surveillance methods of regulations,the rodent species composition and prevalence of Han- tavirus, Yersinia pestis ,Borrelia burgdosreri in native rodents were analyzed at 244 ports of china from 2014 to 2015. Results During 2014 to 2015,9 145 rodents were captured,55 species of rodent were found at 244 ports of china, belonging to 7 families 28 genus 4 orders. The predominant species were Rattus norvegicns （30%）,Suncus murinus （15%）,Apodemns agrarius （15%）,Rattus tanezumi （14%） and Mns mnsculus （8%）. The richness of rodent species was higher at border land ports than at the other ports. A total of 159 hantavirus positive rodents were found at 47 ports. Hantavirus positive species were mainly R. norvegicus,A.agrarius,R, tanezumi,M, musculus,2 Borrelia burgdorferi positive rodents were found at 2 ports,no Yersinia pestis was found in this surveilance. Conclusion The important surveillance region and rodent species of the ports should be chosen through analyzing the richness and predominant species of the rodents in different kinds of ports.