输入性病媒生物DNA条形码检疫鉴定新模式与发展前景

Discussion on the new model and its development prospects of the invasive medical vectors identification and quarantine

输入性病媒生物及其传播的各种疾病是备受关注的公共卫生问题之一,全球一体化和人员的快速流动加速了病媒生物及携带病原体的传播,检疫难度和风险显著增加。口岸现有的输入性病媒生物的传统形态鉴定方法存在很多问题,DNA条形码技术作为新兴的物种鉴定技术,可实现物种的准确、快速鉴定。本文探讨如何以DNA条形码鉴定及其他分子生物学检测技术为基础,依托现有病媒生物DNA条形码数据库和公共数据库,建立病媒生物DNA条形码检疫鉴定新模式,实现输入性病媒生物的快速、准确鉴定。解决病媒生物尤其是病媒昆虫的鉴定受到发育状态、肢体残缺不全的限制;近缘种难以准确鉴定,某些雌性昆虫无法鉴定以及输入性病媒生物由于缺少参考资料和参比样本无法准确鉴定等难题,为保障我国公共卫生和生态安全提供技术支持。

Special attention has been given to the invasive medical vectors and the carried pathogens for their serious harm to the public health. Global integration and rapid flow of the person all over the world have accelerated the spreading of the medical vectors and the carried pathogens,so the difficulties and risks for quarantine increased significantly. The current morphology identification of the medical vectors has many shortcomings and limitations. DNA barcoding as a new technique for species identification can identify the invasive medical vectors quickly and accurately. This study based on the DNA barcoding and other related molecular biology techniques,relying on the self-established DNA barcode database for medical vectors and other public databases,using the new invasive medical vectors identification model of DNA barcoding,and achieve the goal of identifying them quickly and accurately. The difficulties of medical vectors identification,especially in the medical insects were resolved,whose identification were limited by its development state,morphology incomplete,some female individuals,closely-related species would not be identified accurately,and the invasive medical vectors could not be identified because of the lack of reference literature and specimens. The new model for invasive medical vectors could solve the key and common problems in the identification of invasive medical vectors and provide technical supports for the prevention and control of invasire medical vectors,safeguard our public health and ecological safety.