菌根真菌与植物抗逆性研究进展

Recent Advances in the Study of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Stress Resistance of Plants

菌根真菌与逆境的互作及其对植物抗逆性的影响,一直是菌根学领域研究的重点内容之一而备受关注。针对不同类型菌根真菌缓解不同逆境胁迫的作用,国内外已有大量研究报告及述评,而综合、全面、系统的综述尚不多见。本文总结了最近几年如下研究:菌根真菌对植物非生物胁迫(干旱、水涝、高温、低温、盐害、金属与准金属毒害、有毒有机物毒害、雾害、强辐射伤害与机械损伤等)与生物胁迫(土壤微生物群落结构与功能紊乱导致的连作障碍、病害、虫害、草害与外来植物入侵等)抗性的影响;菌根真菌与其他生物协同或与非生物因子联合提高植物抗逆性的效应;菌根真菌与其他生物协同或与非生物因子联合分解有毒物质、改善土壤肥力、修复污染与退化生境的效应。文中探讨了菌根真菌提高植物抗逆性和修复污染退化土壤作用的分子机制;分析了当前该领域研究存在的不足与今后研究的方向,以期为促进该领域研究和绿色修复技术研发提供可借鉴的思路。

The study on interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and stress environments, and their impacts on the stress resistance of plants is one of the key research topics in mycorrhizology and has been paid more attention. Many research reports and reviewsaddressed stressalleviation effects in- duced by various types of mycorrhizal fungi （MF）. However, one comprehensive, integrated and systematic review related to this aspect remains unavailable. This review summarizes the main ad- vances in the study of mycorrhizal fungi and stress resistance of plants in recent 7 years ： including influences of MF on plant resistance and tolerance to abiotic stresses （such as drought, water log- ging, high temperature, low temperature, salt damage , heavy metal and metalloid poison, toxic or- ganic compounds poison, fog damage, strong radiation damage, and mechanical damage, etc. ） and biological stresses （continuous cropping obstacles caused by soil microbial community structure and function disorders, diseases, pests, weeds, and exotic plant invasion ）. The review summarized the synergic effects of MF interacting with other rhizospere living organisms, and asso- ciated abiotic factors on improving plant resistance, decomposition of toxic substances and soil fer- tility, and remediating polluted and degraded habitat. The review discussed the molecular mecha- nism of MF in improving plant resistance and rehabilitating polluted and degraded soils, and the possible ways to increase MF＇ s physiological and ecological effects. The shortcomings of current re- search and proposed future researchesare discussed to promote research in this field, and to provide guidance for developing green remediation technology.