栽培措施对白肋烟TSNAs及质量的影响

Effects of Cultivation Measures on TSNAs Contents and Quality of Burley Tobacco

为探究不同栽培措施耦合对降低白肋烟中烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)含量和提升烟草质量的作用,采用正交试验研究了品种(鄂烟1号LC、TN90和鄂烟3号LC)、施氮量(210、270和330 kg·hm^(-2))和BSM剂量(0.10、0.30μmol·L^(-1)和清水涂抹)3因素耦合对白肋烟中部叶常规化学成分、硝态氮、生物碱、TSNAs、外观质量和感官质量的影响。结果表明,品种是影响N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)、降烟碱、烟碱和总生物碱含量的主要因素,种植鄂烟3号LC品种TSNAs含量较低;施氮量是白肋烟中N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)、N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)、TSNAs和硝态氮含量的主要影响因素,TSNAs含量随着施氮量的增加而增加;不同BSM剂量处理的烟叶中TSNAs含量存在差异,打顶后涂抹0.30μmol·L^(-1)BSM烟叶TSNAs含量较低。综上可知,在我国恩施地区利用鄂烟3号LC+施氮量210 kg·hm^(-2)+0.30μmol·L^(-1)BSM可有效降低白肋烟中部叶TSNAs含量,且烟叶常规化学成份协调,外观质量和感官质量较好。本研究结果为优质白肋烟的生产提供了技术参考。

In order to explore effects of different cultivation measures coupling on TSNAs contents and quality of the burley tobacco,an orthogonal experiment was conducted at varieties（ Eyan1LC,TN90 and Eyan3LC）,nitrogen application rate（ 210,270 and 330 kg · hm^（-2））,and BSM doses（ 0. 10,0. 30 and 0. 00 μmol·L^（-1）） to analyze contents of conventional chemical components,nitrate nitrogen,alkaloids and TSNAs and evaluate the appearance quality and sensory quality of middle burley tobacco leaves. The results showed that,tobacco varieties were the main factor of influencing NNN,nornicotine,nicotine and total alkaloids contents. When planting Eyan3LC variety,the content of TSNAs were lower,nitrogen application rate was the main influencing factor of the contents of burley tobacco NAT,NAB,TSNAs,nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen,while the contents of TSNAs increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate; the contents of TSNAs with different BSM treatments were different,and TSNAs contents with 0.30 μmol·L^（-1）BSM treatment after topping were lower. In conclusion,in the Enshi area,the content of TSNAs in the middle leaves of burley tobacco can be effectively reduced by using Eyan3LC,nitrogen application rate of 210 kg·hm^（-2） and 0. 30μmol · L^（-1）BSM,and the conventional chemical components were well coordinated with good appearance quality and sensory quality. The results of this study provide a technical reference for the production of high quality burley tobacco.