“未来潮流”之争：中美意识形态对抗与20世纪60年代美国的东南亚政策

The War for the “Wave of the Future”:Sino-American Ideological Confrontation and U. S. South-East Asia Policies in the 1960s

自中华人民共和国成立以来,美国决策层一直在评估和分析中国的力量和影响力,思考中国给美国的亚洲政策带来何种挑战。到20世纪60年代,美国决策层开始重视中国的"未来潮流"话语,不仅将其看作意识形态宣传,而且担心中国创造的政治经济发展模式会对亚洲国家产生吸引力。"未来潮流"之争事实上隐含着美国对中国传统影响力和现代示范能力的担忧,美国决策层将其与美国的威信和信誉,乃至美国在亚洲的地位联系起来,最终强化了越战升级政策。从"未来潮流"之争的视角来解读,这一时期美国东南亚政策的缘起和结果评价应当有所修正。美国对中国的认知局限和思维定式,左右了当时也影响着今天的美国对华政策。

Since the birth of the People's Republic of China,U.S.policy makers have been constantly assessing and analyzing the power and influence of China,weighing China'impact on the formulation of U.S.Asia policy.In the 1960s,concerning about the possible attraction of a successful'China model'to other Asian nations,U.S.policy makers started to emphasize China's importance in giving rise to the'trend of the future'.This concern with the America's authority and status in Asia partly contributed to the escalation of the Vietnam War.A review of the'trend of the future'discourse would be helpful to reassess the cause and effect of U.S.South-East Asia policies during that period.How the United States understood China in relation to this is still a determinant of America's China policy.