添加物及植物组合对瞿麦幼苗铅吸收、生长及品质的影响

Effects of the additives and the combination of plants on Pb absorption,growth and quality of Dianthus superbus

通过盆栽试验研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)、种植共生植物(三叶草)、添加重金属螯合物EDTA和磷肥磷酸钙对铅污染下瞿麦生长和品质的影响,为科学种植中药材提供理论依据.结果表明:接种AM真菌可以显著抑制铅的吸收(P<0.05),促进根部发育,使根冠比增大,且活性成分累积最多,大黄素含量为6.5 mg·g^(-1);与三叶草共生后,抑制铅吸收的效果不佳且药材品质下降,大黄素含量低于对照组,降至3.2 mg·g^(-1).但在AM真菌共同参与后瞿麦的生长量和活性成分有所增加,铅含量达到最低,低至1.3 mg·g^(-1);添加重金属螯合剂会使瞿麦生长量下降并促进根部对铅的吸收,铅含量最高可达340.0 mg·g^(-1);磷酸钙可固定土壤中其他重金属元素,故更适宜在复合型污染时使用.综合考虑,在保护中药材安全、品质方面AM真菌具有良好的应用价值.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi, neighboring plants （ Trifolium repens）, addition of EDTA and phosphate fertilizer on the performance of Dianthus superbus of D. superbus were investigated to provide a herbal medicine. The results showed that the grown on Pb contaminated soil. The growth and quality theoretical basis for the scientific cultivation of Chinese D. superbus with AM resulted in a significant inhibition of Pb uptake （P〈0.05）, increase of root development and root/shoot ratio compared to untreated control plants, and with the highest content of active component. The content of emodin reached 6.5 mg·g^-1. When planting with T. repens the reducing effect of Pb absorption induced by AM fungi was insignificant. The quality of D. superbus decreased, and the emodin content decreased to 3.2 tion. The addition of EDTA decreased the growth of D. superbus, but promoted the absorption of Pb, with the Pb content to 340.0 mg·g^-1. Calcium phosphate showed the ability to immobilize other heavy metals in the soil, therefore might be more suitable to be applied in the conditions of cornpound pollution. Considering all of the results, and quality of Chinese herbal medicine. AM fungi play a positive role in protecting the safety and quality of Chinese herbal medicine.