激光超声复合加工硬质合金的切削特性研究

Machinability of Tungsten Carbide with Assistance of Laser and Ultrasonic Vibration

研究了激光加热与超声椭圆振动复合切削条件下,使用CBN(立方氮化硼)刀具对硬质合金材料进行精密加工的切削特性。利用有限元仿真,分析硬质合金材料在普通切削、一维超声振动切削、超声椭圆振动切削与激光超声复合切削4种切削方式下的切削力变化特征。采用超精密车床与YAG激光器、自主研发的超声振动装置等辅助设备,实验研究了激光超声复合精密加工硬质合金的切削特性。通过一系列的对比实验,分析切削参数,如切削速度、切削厚度,对切削力的影响规律。仿真与实验结果表明,由于加工材料的软化和断续切削,激光超声复合辅助加工显著地降低了切削力,硬质合金的切削加工性能得到显著改善,通过工艺参数的优化,可以实现硬质合金的精密加工。

Sintered tungsten carbide was machined using CBN （Cubic boron nitride） tools under the assistance of laser heating and ultrasonic vibration. The variation characteristics of cutting force in the four cutting modes, including common cutting （ CC ）, conventional ultrasonic vibration cutting （ CUVC ）, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting （UEVC）, laser and ultrasonic vibration combination cutting, were analyzed by means of the finite element analysis （FEA） method. The experiments were carried out on an ultra-precision lathe assisted by YAG laser equipment and self-developed ultrasonic vibration device. The precision cutting characteristics experiment of tungsten carbide with laser and ultrasonic vibration assistance were studied. The influence of the cutting parameters on the cutting force were studied via a series of contrast experiments. The results show that because of the softening of the workpiece material and the interrupted cutting, the laser and ultrasonic vibration combination cutting can greatly reduce the cutting force while machinability of tungsten carbide can be remarkably improved. The experimental resuhs suggest that the precision machining of tungsten carbide can be realized under certain optimized technological parameters, which will effectively cost for precision machining of some other hard and brittle materials.