黄药眠与马克思主义美学的价值论转向

Huang Yaomian and the Turning of Axiology in Marxist Aesthetics

黄药眠是当代中国美学史上价值论美学的开拓者,其"反右"前夕的演讲稿《美是审美评价》最早从价值论角度系统思考美学问题,具有重要的学术史价值。在20世纪50年代"美学大讨论"中,受马克思主义价值哲学启发,黄药眠对"美学四派"运用认识论分析美学的简单化思维进行了批判,并将视野从"主客模式"转到价值论视域讨论美学艺术问题,进而提出了美是"审美评价"的构想,形成了自己独树一帜的价值论美学观。黄药眠美学的"价值论转向",不仅突破了认识论美学"主客二分"的模式阈限,还变革了美学的研究范式,对此后"实践论美学"及其流变谱系中出现的各种理论分歧以及当下中国美学的发展建设仍具指导意义。黄药眠美学思想并未引起学界重视,但在当代中国美学史版图中,开创并彰显马克思主义美学的价值论维度,正是其赋予时代的最大理论贡献。

Huang Yaomian was the pioneers of the theory of value aesthetics in the contemporary Chinese aesthetics. His speech ＂Beauty ls the Aesthetic Evaluation＂ earliest deeply thinking about aesthetic issues from the perspective of the theory of philosophic value and had important academic value, which reported on the eve of the anti-rightist campaign. In ＂the big discussion of aesthetics＂ inspired by the Marxist value philosophy, Huang Yaomian criticized about the simplification error of the aesthetics in materialism epistemology and discussed the aesthetic problem from the axiology, and then put forward the concept of ＂beauty is the aesthetic evaluation＂, formed his own theory of value aesthetics in his era. Huang Yaomian and the turning of axiology in Marxist aesthetics not only broken the theoretical limitations of epistemological aesthetics, but also changed the research paradigm of aesthetics. Besides, it still had an important theoretical guiding significance towards to the controversy of the practice aesthetics and the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics. Although the axiology aesthetics has been discussed in academia, Huang Yaomian＇s axiology aesthetic thought has been neglected for a long time. However, in the contemporary Chinese aesthetics landscape, creating and highlighting the dimension of axiology in Marxist aesthetics is the largest contribution during that unique period of history.