论戊戌时期梁启超的民主思想

Liang Qichao's Democratic Ideas in the Reform Movement of 1898

梳理和分析梁启超在戊戌变法时期的民主思想,可以发现,梁启超将中国古代经典中许多涉及到君臣关系、君民关系的记载,比附为"民主",并据康有为的"大同三世说",认为清朝此时处于"一君世"(小康、升平世)之中由"君主之世"向"君民共主之世"的过渡时期,故主张开民智等活动,以为将来设置议会之准备。梁启超这个时期的民主思想正是康有为的"大同三世说",与西方近代民主思想有着明显的差异。考察梁启超此时的民主思想,有助于理解戊戌变法时期康有为的政治思想,并有助于对戊戌变法的性质做出更为恰当的判断。

In organizing and analyzing Liang Qichao＇s democratic ideas during Reform Movement of 1898, one can find that he has taken the recorded monarch-courtier and monarch-civilian relations as being ＂democratic＂. In line with Kang Youwei＇s ＂three phases of Great Commonwealth＂, Liang proposes that the Qing Dynasty is in ＂the phase of one monarch＂ （well-off, peaceful life） but transforming from ＂the epoch of monarch＂ to ＂the epoch of monarch and civilian rule together＂, so he advocates enlightenment for preparing a future parliament. Liang＇s democratic ideas in this period are exactly from Kang Youwei＇s theory of ＂three phases of Great Commonwealth＂, and it is quite different from the near-modern Western democratic ideas. Examining Liang＇s democratic ideas of that time can be helpful to understand Kang＇Youwei＇s political ideas in 1898, and be helpful to making a more proper judgment On the nature of the 1898 Reform Movement.