饲用小叶锦鸡儿在山西的最佳采收时期

The optimum harvest time of Caragana microphylla for forage in Shanxi

本研究连续3年对小叶锦鸡儿的生长规律及物候期进行观察,并采集1~8a不同年龄枝条及3a不同物候期枝条(带叶、花、果)测定并比较其营养成分(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙、磷等)的含量;采用层次分析法(AHP),计算各枝龄、物候期与参考向量的灰色关联度,确定最佳饲用采收期,以期评价小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)不同年龄枝条和年生长周期的不同物候期营养成分变化规律,确定其饲用最佳采收期,为科学经营和合理利用资源提供理论依据。结果表明,1)按枝条不同生长年龄营养价值等权关联度排序为3a>2a>4a>5a>1a>6a>7a>8a;加权关联度排序为3a>1a>5a>2a>4a>6a>7a>8a。2)按不同物候期等权关联度排序为结果中期>果熟期>果后生长期>花期>展叶期>萌芽期>落叶期>休眠期;加权关联度排序为结果中期>果后生长期>果熟期>花期>展叶期>落叶期>萌芽期>休眠期。3a枝条结果中期作为加工饲料的最佳采收期,也是最佳平茬更新时期。

To find out the optimum harvest time of Caragana microphyllafor forage,and to provide a theoretical basis for their scientific management and reasonable utilization,our study evaluated the changes in the nutrient contents in different periods of its life cycle and phenological periods of the yearly growth cycle.Growth and phenological stages of C.microphylla plants were recorded continuously over three years.The branches of1～8aand 3ain different phenological stages,containing the leaves,flowers,and fruits,were collected to measure the nutrient contents,such as crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,nitrogen-free extract,calcium,phosphorus,and so on,and then to compare whether there exists significant differences between the branches.The optimum harvest time for forage was determined by the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）method to calculate the grey correlation degree of each branch age,phenological stages,and reference vector.Our study shows：1）Based on nutritional value of branches in different growth ages,the equal relational grade sequence is 3a〉2a〉4a〉5a〉1a〉6a〉7a〉8a,while the weighted grade is 3a〉1a〉5a〉2a〉4a〉6a〉7a〉8a.2） In order of phonological stages, the equal relational grade sequence is fruit forming stage.fruit maturity stage〉postharvest growth stage〉flowering stage〉leaf expansion stage〉seedling emergence stage〉defoliation stage.dormancy stage, and the sequence of the weighted grade analysis was fruit forming stage〉 postharvest growth stage〉 fruit maturity stage〉flowering period〉leaf expansion stage〉defoliation stage〉 seedling emergence stage〉dormancy stage. In conclusion, the optimum harvest time of C. microphylla for forage is the fruit forming stage while branches are in 3a,when it is also the best time for trunk cutting.