我国牧草种植成本收益变化与比较

Variation and comparison of forages' cost-benefits in China

本研究以牧草种植户牧草及粮食作物的调研数据为基础,计算出2010-2014年主要牧草和粮食作物的成本收益基本信息,对其变化进行统计分析,并对各作物的成本收益进行比较。分析发现,2014年苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的经济效益有所下降;黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和青贮玉米(Zea mays)的纯收益和收益率有所增长;苜蓿的纯收益和收益率要高于黑麦草和青贮玉米;马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)和苜蓿的经济效益更具优势,种植小麦(Triticum aestivum)经济效益较差;黑麦草和青贮玉米人工和土地成本更高,苜蓿水电费最高。建议调整农业产业结构,推行"粮+经+饲+草"四元种植结构,全面扶持牧草产业发展,建立健全牧草生产资料补贴制度。

Based on the survey data of farmers who planted forages and grain crops,we calculated cost-benefit information of major forages and grain crops from the period of 2010-2014.Further,we comparatively analysed the variation.The results indicated that the net income and return rate of alfalfa declined in 2014,whereas that of ryegrass and silage corn showed an increasing trend.A comprehensive comparison showed that the average net income and return rate of alfalfa was higher than that of ryegrass and silage corn,from 2010 to 2014.The cultivation of potato and alfalfa had an economic advantage than other forages and grain crops,whereas wheat cultivation had a relatively lower economic benefit.Moreover,ryegrass and silage corn cultivation involved more labour and land cost,whereas alfalfa cultivation involved higher water and electricity costs.Finally,this study puts forth some valuable suggestions such as making amendments to the agriculture industrial structure,including the grain,economy,feed and forage crops,which would support the development of the forage industry,and establishment of a subsidy system for forages＇ production factors.