局部语法与系统功能语法的互补性初探——以评价子语言为例

Complementarity Between Local Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar:Focusing on Sublanguage of Evaluation

系统功能语言学和语料库语言学都关注使用中的语言,在语境、词汇-语法、系统-语篇、频率-概率等方面存在一定的对话空间。本研究聚焦评价子语言,探讨语料库驱动的局部语法与系统功能语法理论的互补性。局部语法聚焦功能受限的子语言,以词汇-型式组合体为单位,描写功能成分与型式成分之间的匹配。研究发现,评价局部语法对显性的评价形式做出了可靠的识别、功能分析和量化描写,进一步验证和发展了评价理论的态度系统,与评价词汇为中心的方法形成了有益的补充。此外,与系统功能语法的语域模型、及物语法构型和语言整体的聚合系统相比,局部语法主张水平方向和垂直方向交织的共现语境观,构建词汇-型式组合体的局部语法构型,观察特定功能子语言的共现语篇和互文语篇,二者具有明显的互补性。这表明局部语法可以搭建语料库语言学与系统功能语言学进一步对话的桥梁,推动二者在语言意义的研究中实现进一步融合。

With a shared focus on language in use,Systemic Functional Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics have had some kind of dialogue on the notion of context,lexis-grammar inseparability,system-text inseparability and calculation of frequency and probability.This article takes the sublanguage of Evaluation as a focus of study to explore the complementarity between corpus-driven local grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG)in general.Local grammar is concerned with functionally restricted sublanguage and describes the mapping of functional elements onto pattern elements based on word-pattern combinations identified in a specific or general corpus.It is found that local grammar of Affect and local grammar of Judgment are characteristic of providing reliable identification,functional grammatical analysis and quantitative description of attitudinal inscriptions.Therefore,they give further justification and development of the sub-system of Attitude in Appraisal Theory and complement the evaluative lexis centered approach.In addition,local grammar makes complementary contribution to SFG in general in relation to 1)horizontal and vertical co-text of co-occurrence vs.context of situation,2)local grammar configuration vs.transitivity grammatical configuration,and 3)sublanguage-specific co-occurring text and inter-text interwoven on both syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes vs.paradigmatic system of language as a whole.A conclusion can thus be drawn that local grammar serves as a bridge for further dialogue,thus offering more opportunities for their further integration in the study of meaning in use.