全球视野下的中国学生数学素养比较与启示:来自PISA的证据分析

Comparison and insight of mathematical literacy of Chinese students under global vision:from evidence analysis of PISA data

国际学生评估项目(Programme for International Student Assessment,PISA)中数学考试的重点是学生的数学素养,其核心是数学的抽象思维及相关能力。对PISA 2015与PISA 2012的分析和比较,可以发现:(1)无论是整体数学素养,还是高端数学素养,中国学生都处于全球领先地位。(2)中国学生2015年比2012年的数学表现,出现明显大幅下滑的趋势,特别是高素养人才的比例下滑更加显著。(3)就世界平均程度而言,整体数学素养保持较大的稳定性。基于此,我们提出如下3点建议。第一,认识到中国数学教育的整体领先水平,并对传统的教法给予肯定和保持;第二,警惕出现的下滑现象,寻找深层原因,并对上海经验给予关注和借鉴;第三,深思东亚数学教育的成功经验,挖掘深层的文化机制,还原并展现东亚丰富和鲜活的教育图景。

The key of Programme for International Student Assessment （PISA） mathematics is the students＇ mathematical literacy, especially focusing on students＇ abstract-thinking ability. Through the analysis of PISA scores of 2012 and 2015, we can get the following findings. （1） Whether the whole literacy or higher level literacy, Chinese students stand at the leading statue. （2） Chinese students＇ performance declined in recent 3 years, especially in the highest level literacy performance. （3） The performance of the whole world are keeping stable. Based on the above findings, we put forward the following insights. Firstly, we should recognize the leading position of Chinese math education all over the world, and we also should have faith in the traditional teaching methods in China, even maintaining its advantages. Secondly, we should be cautious of the decline of the Chinese performance, looking for the reasons of decline, and drawing on the experience of Shanghai. Thirdly, deeply thinking on the success of East Asia students, digging on the cultural mechanism imbedding in the education, restoring the original and rich picture of East Asia education are necessary.