妊娠期糖尿病诊断与治疗研究进展

Research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

GDM是指妊娠期间发生的不同程度的糖代谢异常,不包括妊娠前即存在的糖尿病或糖尿病前期,是常见的妊娠并发症。GDM诊断标准历经变迁,但全球一直缺乏统一的诊断标准,直至2008年高血糖与不良妊娠结局(HAPO)研究公布,国际糖尿病与妊娠研究组(IADPSG)制定了新的GDM诊断标准。该标准逐渐成为全球公认的诊断标准,我国于2011年采纳此标准。人胰岛素是GDM治疗一线用药,近些年胰岛素类似物,如门冬、地特胰岛素已获批准,口服降糖药尤其二甲双胍的安全性、有效性得到越来越多的证实。本文将针对GDM诊断与治疗进行综述。

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy, excluding diagnosed diabetes or prediabetes before pregnancy. It is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. There is almost no agreed diagnostic criteria for GDM until the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome （HAPO） published in 2008. IADPSG published new diagnostic criteria for GDM, which is gradually acknowledged by the whole world. IADPSG diagnostic criteria has been adopted in China since 2011. Human insulin is the first-line therapy for GDM. Recently, insulin analogues such as insulin aspart and determir have been approved,and the safety and efficacy of oral antidiabetic drug-metformin are getting more and more attention and certification. Here, we reviewed the research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of GDM.