3省市高中生健康素养与吸烟、饮酒行为的关联分析

Association between health literacy,cigarette and alcohol use among high school students in three provinces

目的分析高中生的健康素养与吸烟、饮酒行为的关联,为高中生吸烟、饮酒等健康危险行为的预防干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选择北京、吉林、广东3省市16所中学的3379名高中生进行健康素养和健康危险行为(吸烟、饮酒)调查,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果经加权调整后,北京、吉林、广东3省市高中生具备基本健康素养率为15.1%,现在吸烟率为8.3%,现在饮酒率为26.1%;Logistic回归分析显示,不具备健康素养是高中生发生吸烟(OR=0.158,95%CI:0.077~0.326)、饮酒(OR=0.524,95%CI:0.408~0.673)行为的危险因素(P<0.05)。健康素养得分越高的学生,不吸烟、不饮酒的率越高(健康素养得分<60分、60~69分、70~79分、≥80分的不吸烟率分别为74.2%、91.0%、95.6%和98.4%;不饮酒率分别为55.2%、70.6%、79.0%和83.5%),通过趋势χ~2分析发现,不同等级健康素养得分的高中生其吸烟、饮酒行为的发生频率差异有统计学意义(吸烟:χ~2=181.164,P<0.01;饮酒:χ~2=165.789,P<0.01)。结论较高的健康素养水平能够促进和维持高中生远离吸烟、饮酒行为,在高中生吸烟、饮酒等健康危险行为的控制干预中应该重视学生健康素养的整体改善。

Objective To analyze relationship between health literacy and health risk behaviors （cigarette and al- cohol use） among high school students, and to provide scientific evidence for strategies development of adolescent health risk behavior prevention. Methods An investigation on health literacy, smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors was con- ducted. A total of 3379 students from 16 high schools were interviewed by using questionnaires in Beijing, Jilin and Guang- dong. SPSS 22. 0 was used to analyze the data. Results The proportion of having basic health literacy among students was 15.1% after adjustment. Incidence of smoking was 8.3%, alcohol using behaviors was 26. 1%. Binary logistic analysis showed that inadequate health literacy was a risk factor of smoking （OR = 0. 158, 95% CI： 0.077 -0.326, P 〈 0. 05 ） and alcohol drinking （ OR = 0. 524, 95% CI： 0.408 - 0.673, P 〈 0.05 ）. Students with higher health literacy levels are less likely to smoke or drink alcohol （ The incidence of no smoking among students whose scores 〈 60, 60 - 69, 70 - 79, I〉80 are 74. 2%, 91.0%, 95.6% and 98.4% respectively, and the incidence of no drinking are 55.2%, 70. 6%, 79. 0% and 83.5% respectively） , Cochran-Armitage Trend Test showed that the incidences of smoking and alcohol were significantly different among students with different health literacy levels （cigarette use： χ^2= 181. 164, P 〈 0. 01; alcohol use： χ^2= 165. 789, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The high level health literacy may prevent the high school students from smoking and alcohol drinking. The improvement of health literacy should be emphasized in the design of adolescent health risk behavior prevention.