厦门市居民膳食模式与代谢综合征相关性分析

Association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome among residents in Xiamen city

目的探讨福建省厦门市居民膳食模式与代谢综合征(MS)及其组分之间关系。方法本研究于2015年12月—2016年9月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对厦门市2 508名≥18岁居民进行膳食调查、体格测量及生化指标检测,采用因子分析法确定膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与MS及其组分的关系。结果因子分析结果得出调味品模式、沿海特色模式、奶类少油模式、水果蔬菜模式4种膳食模式;多因素logistic回归分析显示,控制混杂因素后,调味品模式是MS组分高血压的危险因素(最高三分位数相对于最低三分位数的比值,即T3:T1OR=1.60,95%CI=1.19~2.15),奶类少油模式是MS(T3:T1 OR=0.47,95%CI=0.30~0.75)和高血压(T3:T1OR=0.49,95%CI=0.36~0.65)的保护因素;未发现沿海特色模式和水果蔬菜模式与MS及其组分之间存在统计学关联。结论膳食模式与MS及其组分血压发现水平存在一定关联,减少食用盐、食用油的摄入、增加奶类的摄入,对预防MS及其组分血压水平有重要意义。

Objective To explore the relationship between dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome （MS） in resi- dents of Xiamen city. Methods Using multistage stratified cluster random sampling ,2 508 residents were selected to re- ceive a dietary survey and anthropometric and biochemical measures from December 2015 to September 2016. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns based on the dietary survey. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between food patterns and MS and its components. Results Four dietary patterns were identi-fied, including condiment, sea food, more milk and less oil, and fruits and vegetables pattern. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the upper tertile （ T3 ） of the condiment pattern was associated with higher risks of hypertension compared with the lowest tertile （ T1 ） （ T3 ： T1 odds ratio [OR] = 1.60,95% confidence interval [95% CI]= 1.19 - 2. 15 ）. T3 of the more milk and less oil pattern was associated with lower risks of MS and hypertension compared with the T1 （ T3 ： T1 OR = 0. 47,95 % C1 = 0. 30 - 0. 75 ; T3 ： T1 OR = 0. 49,95 % CI = 0. 36 - 0. 65 ）. No correlation was found between the sea food pattern, fruits and vegetables pattern with MS and its components. Conclusion Dietary patterns are associated with MS and blood pressure levels. Limiting intake of table salt and oil, increasing intake of milk may play important roles in the prevention of MS and high blood pressure.