阿富汗政治伊斯兰运动的变迁及其当代影响

The Evolution of the Islamic Movement in Afghan Politics and Its Contemporary Influence

政治伊斯兰是影响当代阿富汗至关重要的因素。20世纪中期,阿富汗城市中的现代宗教人士创建了政治伊斯兰的母体——"乌斯塔兹"。该组织最初为反对世俗化改革和左派的政治"异见者",在阿富汗问题诞生后转变为抗苏运动的中坚,苏联撤军后又沦落为基于特定民族和地域的军阀。90年代初,塔利班崛起后,阿富汗政治伊斯兰在社会构成、民族关系、意识形态方面发生重大转向。阿富汗政治伊斯兰运动本质上是特定民族、部落借助宗教的旗号发动的社会政治运动。如今,以"新塔利班"为主体的政治伊斯兰仍是阿富汗重建面临的最大挑战。

Political Islam is one of the most important factors influencing contemporary Afghanistan.During mid-20th Century,urban Afghani religious figures created the precursor of Political Islam:'Ustaz'.While the original purpose of this organization was to oppose secular reforms and leftist political dissidents,following the emergence of the Afghan quagmire,it developed into the backbone of the anti-Soviet movement.After the Soviet Army withdrew from Afghanistan,the movement degenerated into specific ethnic or local fiefdoms ruled by warlords.In the early 1990s,following the rise of the Taliban,Afghan political Islam underwent major changes with respect to social structure,relations between nationalities,and ideology.Fundamentally,Afghan political Islam is a sociopolitical movement,which under the veneer of religion,mobilizes individual nationalities or clans.At present,the re-emergence of political Islam in the form of the rise of the'Neo-Taliban'represents the greatest challenge in Afghanistan.