喀纳斯景区草地景观美学价值评价及影响因素分析

GRASSLAND LANDSCAPE AESTHETIC VALUE AND ITS IMPACTING FACTORS IN KANAS SCENIC AREA

[目的]自然景区的美学价值大小直接决定着其旅游开发的成败,为了解喀纳斯景区草地景观美学价值。[方法]该文选用心理物理学派的美景度评价体系,对景区内4个区域草地景观的美景度进行了定量评价,并依据上述样地植物群落α多样性和功能群结构的分析,探讨了植物多样性对喀纳斯景区草地景观美景度的影响。[结果]研究表明:喀纳斯景区草地景观美学价值整体较高,α多样性指数居中的草地美景度得分较高,α多样性指数较高的草地美景度次之,α多样性指数较低的草地美景度最差;随着功能群中一、二年生植物重要值的上升,多年生杂类草的重要值下降,美景度呈降低的趋势;美景度与平均高度、平均盖度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson指数和多年生杂类草重要值呈显著正相关,而与一、二年生杂草重要值呈显著负相关。[结论]因此,草地植物多样性是草地景观美学价值的重要载体,旅游活动导致草地群落植物多样性发生改变,进而深刻影响了草地景观的美学价值。

The aesthetic value of natural scenic spots directly ment or not. In order to investigate the aesthetics value of decides whether the success of the tourism develop- grassland landscape in Kanas scenic area, the scenic beauty evaluation system of psycho - physics was selected to quantitatively evaluate the scenic beauty of four zone grassland plots in Kanas scenic area. The plant diversity and community features of the grassland were investigated and analyzed based on the α diversity index and the structural composition of functional group, and then the effects on the scenic beauty of grassland landscape were discussed. The results showed that the aesthetics value of grass- land landscape in Kanas scenic area was totally high. The scenic beauty with middleα diversity index scoredthe highest, while the scenic beauty with low α diversity index was the lowest. With the increased important value of annuals and biennials in the grassland, the important value of perennial forbs decreased and scenic beauty tended to decrease. The scenic beauty had a significant positive correlation with average height, average coverage, biomass, Shannon - Wiener index, Margalef diversity index and perennial forbs. But the scenic beauty had a significant neg- ative correlation with annuals and biennials. It concluded that the plant diversity of grassland was the important car- rier for the aesthetics value of grassland landscape. The tourism disturbance changed the plant diversity of grassland community and then deeply influenced aesthetics value of grassland landscape.