主观性在环境侵权案件证据和证明中的作用研究

Influence of Subjective Factors in Collecting Evidence and Proof for Environmental Tort Cases

法院在审理环境侵权案件时,往往依赖于专业鉴定、行政标准、专家意见等等客观依据来确定案件事实。但因为环境问题的复杂性,以及民事主体自身举证能力的限制,经常出现双方举证均不充分,法院无法基于现有事实和证据得出结论的情况。此时,法官应当发挥自身能动性,主动应用主观的、甚至是非科学性的因素和手段,包括容忍义务、经验法则、自由心证等等,这些因素无法被赋予客观的标准,它需要法官基于自身的理性以及经验,结合社会一般观念、习惯等因素进行判断。

In cases of environmental tort,judge usually relies on objective basis like professional identification, administrative standards and professional opinions to determine the facts of the case. However, due to the complexity of environmental problems and the limitation of the civil subject＇s ability of burden of proof, the evidence of both sides is not enough and the court cannot draw the conclusion based on the existing facts and evidence. At this point, the judge should use subjective, even non - scientific factors and means, including tolerance obligations, rules of thumb, free evaluation of evidence. These factors can not be given the objective criteria, it requires judges based on their own Rationality and experience, general concept of society, habits and other factors to make decision.