对“速度”的研究和讨论

Research and Discussions for the Velocity

速度是联系空间和时间两个基本量的物理量;它本身不是基本量而是导出量,但其重要性日益凸显。可以说,一部科学技术发展史就是人类不断改进和提高速度的历史,因为更高速度代表以较少的时间代价征服更大的空间。速度是一个宏观参数;对微观粒子而言,量子力学采用波函数描述其状态及统计解释,放弃经典力学中采用的v→=d r→/dt及p→=m v→的传统方式,因此提出恰当定义是困难的。但作为一种半经典的处理方式,速度概念仍用来描述微观粒子。本文突出了大航天时代对提高飞行器速度的迫切要求,以此作为讨论宏观物质速度的核心内容。然后深入探讨了微观粒子速度、波速度、物理相互作用速度等重要问题。指出:对波动的运动速度要有新认识,承认其标量性和负波速的独特意义。实际上,在波科学中负速度是超光速的一种特殊形式。在物理相互作用的传播速度方面,着重讨论了引力传播速度、Coulomb静电场传播速度、量子纠缠态传播速度这三方面的研究进展,说明在这些方面都用理论或实验证明了存在超光速传播的现象。实际上,近年来,多国科学家研究超光速的热潮极大地促进了对速度问题的探索。但是,所谓"超光速宇航"仅为一种大胆的设想,任何过于乐观的估计都是不切实际的。

Velocity is the physical quantity which connect with the two fundamental quantities—space and time. This physical quantity is outside the range of the fundamental quantities,but it is a derived quantity and its importance has become increasingly. As we know the development history of science and technology is a history that show the velocity is continuously improved and increased by human,due to the higher velocity represents the more shorter time can gain more bigger space. Quantum mechanics uses wave functions to describe the status and the statistical interpretation of the microscopic particles without the traditional method from classical mechanics,so it is very difficult for us to proposed a proper definition.However,the microscopic particles are still described by using the microscopic parameter as velocity.This paper highlights the urgent requirements of the speed improvement of the aircraft for aerospace age,which will be the core discussion contents of the macroscopic physical speed,and then we review and discuss some important view,such as the microscopic particle velocity,wave velocity and physical interaction velocity,etc.. Propose need have the new understanding for the velocity of the wave motion,and know the unique significance of its scalar nature and negative wave velocity. Actually,negative velocity is a special status of superluminal speed in the wave science.In terms of the propagation velocity of physical interaction,the research progress of gravitational propagation velocity,Coulomb electrostatic field propagation velocity and quantum entangled state propagation velocity are discussed emphatically,and state that superluminal transmission phenomenon was proved by the theoretical or experimental evidences. In recent years,the study of superluminal speed by multi-national scientists has greatly promoted the velocity of the exploration. However,the so-called＂superluminal speed space flight＂is only an idea,any over-optimistic estimates are unrealistic.