福特的伦理自然主义及其批判

Foot's Ethical Naturalism and Its Critique

福特的伦理自然主义主张把道德的基础最终建立在人类生命的自然-历史判断或自然善之上。然而,福特的生物世界图景与进化生物学南辕北辙,引来了各方尖锐批评。汤普森-赖特方案试图通过强调规范性来避免这些经验性批评,却没有提供一种足以容纳这种规范性的自然概念。麦克道威尔通过把自然区分为第一自然和第二自然更好地调和了现代科学与伦理自然主义的冲突。

Foot＇s ethical naturalism advocates the ultimate foundation of morality based on natural - history judgments or natural goodness of human life. However, Foot＇s biological world picture poles apart from evolutionary biology＇ s. The Thompson -Wright strategy attempts to avoid these empirical criticisms by emphasizing normativity, but does not provide a concept of nature sufficient to accommodate it. McDowell better reconciles the conflict between modern science and ethical naturalism by dividing nature into first and second nature.