玉米甜、糯性状育种的遗传学基础

Genetic Basis for Sweet and Waxy Maize Breeding

甜玉米和糯玉米是一类淀粉合成途径不同、基因发生突变导致子粒中含有高可溶性糖或高支链淀粉的玉米,是可直接食用的鲜食玉米类型。介绍玉米甜、糯性状形成的生物化学基础及其遗传特征,详细阐述单果穗甜糯形成的遗传学基础与机制,利用基因编辑技术进行隐性性状高效遗传改良具有无需表型选择并克服连锁累赘的优势。

Sweet or waxy maize is a kind of maize, which contain high soluble sugar or amylopectin, resultedfrom null mutation happened within the specific gene in starch synthesis pathway.The biochemical mechanism ofsweet and waxy maize formation was reviewed in this paper, and the recessive hereditary feature for both traits waselaborated. The feasibility of breeding for both sweet and waxy（sweet-waxy） maize varieties was discussed, and thegenetic mechanism of the sweet-waxy maize formation in one ear was elaborated. The advantage of using gene edit-ing techniques was also discussed, which could help us to overcome linkage drag problem through bypassing geneintrogression.