硫素对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Sulfur Element on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize

以郑单958为材料,在大田试验中设置0(S0)、40(S1)、80(S2)、120(S3)、160 kg/hm2(S4)5个施硫(硫磺)水平,研究不同施硫量对玉米光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,从抽雄吐丝期至灌浆期,S2、S3处理玉米一直保持较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和叶绿素含量(SPAD)。施硫量为S2处理时,玉米净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)均表现为最大值,分别较S0处理提高19.08%、76.7%,且达到显著水平。胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r)分别在S3、S4处理时达到最大值,且显著高于S0处理。施用硫肥能够显著降低玉米气孔限制值(L_s),且施硫量为S2时达最小值,与S0处理达到差异显著水平。施用硫肥能显著提高PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(F_v’/F_m’)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),显著降低非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)。施用硫肥能够显著提高玉米产量,增产幅度为7.0%~18.1%。施硫量为S2时,玉米产量最高,为12 978.3 kg/hm^2。

The effects of five sulfur levels including 0（So）, 40（S1）, 80（S2）, 120（S3） and 160 kg/ha（S4） on photo-synthetic characteristics and yield of maize named Zhengdan958 were investigated under the field experiment, relat-ed indicators of maize photosynthetic characteristics and yield were studied. The results showed that, from spinningtasseling stage to filling stage, S2, S3 processing maize has maintained a high leaf area index（LAI） and chlorophyllcontent（SPAD）. When the amount of sulfur was S2 treatment, net photosynthetic rate（P_n）, stomata conductance（G_s）were characterized by the maximum value, 19.08%,76.7% higher than S0 treatment respectively, and reached a sig-nificant level. Intercellular CO_2 concentration（C_i）, transpiration rate（T_r） respectively in S3, S4, maximum when pro-cessing, and significantly higher than S0 processing; Applying sulfur fertilizer can significantly reduce maize stoma-ta limitation（L_s）, and sulfur content of S2, reaches the minimum value, and S0 reached significant difference levels.The potential activity of PSⅡ（F_v/F_o）, PSⅡ original light energy conversion efficiency（F_v/F_m）, PSⅡ effective photo-chemical quantum yield（F_v＇/F_m＇）, coefficient of photochemical quenching（qP） were significantly improved after theapplication of sulphur. The coefficient of photochemical quenching（NPQ） dropped significantly. Applying sulfur fer-tilizer could significantly improve maize yield, increase rate of 7.0% to 18.1%. In the sulfur content of S2, maizeyield is highest, 12 978.3 kg/ha.