一战前后美日在华舆论战

Propaganda Campaign between the U.S. and Japan In the Approach and Aftermath of the World War 1

晚清以来,美国在东亚一直奉行"门户开放"政策,而日本自吞并朝鲜后,一直试图独霸中国。第一次世界大战期间,美日在华势力崛起,两国的战略必将发生冲突。在威尔逊的对华政策之下,美国在华外交官、传教士与报人参与到国际政治事务中。美国在华反日舆论的形成是上述因素共同作用的结果,形成过程可以从美国参战与对华宣传的启动、美国在华报人的反日情绪、日本的反美舆论及美国人的应对等四个方面进行阐述。该活动不但成为当时中国抵制日货运动的组成部分,而且对美国政府的对华政策也产生了一定的影响。这场舆论战,就美国而言,使其在中国的新闻事业与政府联系起来,促进了在华美国系报纸的迅速发展;就日本而言,促使其进行调整以往对华政策并注意到舆论等文化力量在外交中的作用。

The Open-door policy was pursued by the United States in East Asia since the Late Qing Dynasty,and Japan tred to dominate China after＇it annexed Korea. Their policies toward China were doomed to conflict when both of them became powerful. The American diplomats , missionaries and journalists jointly participated in Chinese political affairs and the formation of anti-Japan opinion in China was the result of their joint action, which can be set forth from four points, the U. S. start-up of propaganda and going into the war, American journalists anti-Japan emotion , the anti- American opinion in Japan and the American response. Such movement was not only one part of Chinese Boycott- Japanese-Goods, but also affected American policy toward China to some degree. This propaganda campaign , which was connected with the U. S. government , promoted their news papers development in China, and on the other hand, Japan had to readjust its policy toward China and pay more attention to the role of public opinion.