拔节期追氮对裸燕麦(Avena nuda L.)主栽品种生产性能与效益的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing at Jointing Stage on Yield and Profit of Main Varieties of Naked Oat (Avena nuda L.)

选取河北北部坝上主要裸燕麦栽培品种,研究拔节期追施氮肥对不同品种生产性能、农艺性状及经济效益的影响,结果表明:拔节期追施氮肥使裸燕麦秸草产量提高10.95%(P<0.01),子粒产量提高11.41%(P<0.01),单位面积穗数增加17.54%(P<0.01),千粒重增加5.28%(P<0.05)。从不同品种对追氮的响应来看:追氮后,各品种秸草产量均增加,坝莜8号秸草产量增产率最高,为18.80%;子粒产量除坝莜6号倒伏减产之外均增加,坝莜13号增产率最高,达到24.94%;各品种单位面积穗数增加,坝莜18号增加最多,为27.52%;坝莜1号、坝莜6号和坝莜8号千粒重分别减少3.14%、7.85%和4.06%,其余品种千粒重增加,坝莜13号增加最多,为10.35%。追施氮肥后除坝莜6号净效益降低外,其余品种效益均增加,净收益在623.68~1 392.97元/hm2。坝莜18号、冀张莜4号可作为粮饲兼用及马铃薯轮作倒茬用品种,坝莜13号、坝莜1号、坝莜8号、坝莜6号、坝莜3号、坝莜9号适宜生产子粒。

It was analyzed that the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application at jointing stage on the production performance, agronomic traits and economic benefit of main varieties in northwest Hebei. The results showed that nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage to oat stalk production increased 10.95%（P〈0.01）, grain yield increased 11.41%（P〈0.01）, the spike number per unit area increased 17.54%（P〈0.01）, 1000-grain weight increased by 5.28%（P〈0.05）. After N application, stalk yield of all varieties was increased with Bayou 8 having the highest increase rate by 18.80%; grain yield was all increased except Bayou 6 with lodging,and Bayou 13 had the highest yield increase by 24.94%; the spike number per unit area was all increased and Bayou 18 had the largest increase by 27.52%; 1000-grain weight of Bayou 1, Bayou 6 and Bayou 8 decreased by 3.14%, 7.85% and 4.06%, respectively, but other varieties increased with the largest increase of Bayou 13 by 10.35%. In addition, the net benefits were all increased with average of net income between 623.68-1 392.97 yuan/hm^2 except Bayou 6. Bayou 18 and Jizhangyou 4 could be used as the varieties of grain and forage crop and potato irrigation circle. Bayou 13, Bayou 1, Bayou 8, Bayou 6, Bayou 3, and Bayou 9 were suitable for grain production.