追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性和产量的影响

Effects of Topdressing Different Forms of Nitrogen on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film

为进一步提升膜下滴灌玉米产量,2014-2015年以玉米杂交种辽单1211为材料,研究了追施不同形态氮素对膜下滴灌玉米光合特性、干物质积累量和子粒产量的影响。结果表明,灌浆期玉米叶片净光合速率追施氮肥处理显著高于对照,其中硝酸铵处理光合速率最大,其次为硝酸钙处理,二者净光合速率与氯化铵、硫酸铵、尿素处理差异显著;各生育时期玉米干物质积累量以硝酸铵处理最高,与其他追施氮肥处理差异显著;追施氮肥处理的产量显著高于对照,其中以硝酸铵处理产量最高,其次为硝酸钙处理,氯化铵处理产量较低,各处理主要是通过影响粒重来影响玉米产量。膜下滴灌追施硝酸铵可显著提高玉米产量。

In order to make further improvement on production levels of maize, the effects of topdressing different forms of nitrogen on accumulated quantity of dry matter, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were studied in the condition of drip irrigation under plastic film using maize hybrid Liaodan 1211 as material in this experiment in 2014-2015. The results showed that the leaf photosynthetic rate of maize with nitrogen topdressing was significantly higher than the control（P〈0.05） in the milking stage. Photosynthetic rate of ammonium nitrate treatment was the greatest, then calcium nitrate, and that of the two was significantly higher than other topdressing N treatments（P〈0.05） in two years; The accumulated quantity of dry matter with ammonium nitrate was the greatest and that was significantly higher than other topdressing N treatments（P〈0.05） in different growth period of maize; The yield with nitrogen topdressing was significantly higher than the control（P〈0.05）, and that of ammonium nitrate was the greatest, then calcium nitrate, and that of ammonium chloride was lower. The effect of different treatments on yield was mainly through grain weight. The yield of maize was significantly increased by topdressing ammonium nitrate.