内蒙古阴山北麓区不同土壤改良剂施用效果研究

Effects of Different Application of Soil Amendments in Yinshan Mountain Area of Inner Mongolia

针对内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错区连年种植马铃薯等忌连作作物引起的土壤结构、地力恢复慢等农业生态恶化问题,选用腐植酸、羊粪、聚丙烯酰胺和生物菌肥4种土壤改良剂,对燕麦农田进行土壤改良剂改土效果研究,测定不同处理土壤养分含量、土壤紧实度及植株干物质积累和叶面积、产量性状指标,结果表明:施用羊粪处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均最高,分别为21.2g/kg、62mg/kg、6.9mg/kg和81mg/kg,分别较对照(不施改良剂)高38.6%、47.6%、54.3%和52.8%;不同处理对土壤紧实度的影响差异明显,且施用改良剂均较对照降低了土壤紧实度;各处理间叶面积、干物质积累量均呈显著性差异,处理叶面积和干物质积累量均表现为羊粪>聚丙烯酰胺>腐植酸>生物菌肥。羊粪和聚丙烯酰胺处理的叶面积分别比对照高145.8%和99.3%,干物质积累量分别比对照高82.6%和66.8%;羊粪和聚丙烯酰胺处理的燕麦产量最高,分别为2 071.04和2 031.02kg/hm^2,比对照高41.3%和38.6%。因此,本研究中,羊粪和聚丙烯酰胺对土壤改良效果较好,不仅能够提高土壤养分含量,而且可以改善土壤结构,促进燕麦生长和产量形成。

The successive growing of crops like potato in agro-pastoral ecotone near the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia can cause Agricultural ecological deterioration such as the change of soil texture and slow restoration of soil fertility. Four kinds of soil amendments, humic acid, sheep manure, polyacrylamide, and bacterial fertilizer were used to analyze the effects on soil improvement for oats farmland by measuring such indicators as soil nutrient content, soil compaction, dry matter accumulation,leaf area and yield traits of the plant. The result showed： 1） The soil with the treatment of sheep manure had the highest organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels, which were 21.2g/kg, 62mg/kg, 6.9mg/kg and 81mg/kg, and 38.6%,47.6%, 54.3% and 52.8% higher than that of the control treatment; 2） It was significantly different among the treatments in soil compaction reduction compared with the control treatment; 3） There was significant difference in leaf area and dry weight among the treatments, and the ranking was sheep manure polyacrylamide humic acid bacterial fertilizer. The leaf area under the treatment of sheep manure and polyacrylamide were 145.8% and 99.3%, higher than the control treatment, and 82.6% and 66.8% higher in dry matter accumulation; 4） The yield under the treatment of sheep manure and polyacrylamide had better performance, which were 2 071.04kg/hm^2 and 2 031.02kg/hm^2, 41.3% and 38.6% higher than the control treatment. Therefore, sheep manure and polyacrylamide were proved to be better soil amendments, which could not only enhance soil nutrient content, but also improve soil structure and promote plant growth and yield.