四川冕宁南河马厂村稀土尾矿调查评价及开发利用建议

Proposals on Development and Application,the Investigation and Assessment of Nanhe-Machangcun REE Tailings Mining of Sichuan

四川牦牛坪稀土矿经前人地质勘查和系统研究,查明了原生轻稀土矿资源储量,总结了成矿控矿地质条件,建立了稀土成矿的三层楼模式,重新预测了资源潜力,获得重要成果。另一方面,矿山在近30年的采选过程中产生了大量的尾矿弃渣,沿南河马厂村两岸广泛堆积。针对尾矿中稀土元素的含量、赋存状态、有多大资源量、能否再次综合回收利用等问题,2013年对其进行了综合调查评价,查明了尾矿中稀土元素和共(伴)生元素的特征及稀土氧化物的资源量。研究表明:尾矿中的稀土氧化物(REO)含量为0.8%~1.02%,稀土氧化物资源量已达中型规模,与之伴生的重晶石(BaSO_4)、天青石(SrSO_4)和Ga,Mn,Mo,Pb等元素具综合回收价值;尾矿中的稀土矿物分布粒级主要为+300目,主体为氟碳铈矿,-300目粒级的稀土矿物在铁锰胶体中呈吸附状态。通过试验证明,重选-磁选和湿法(硫酸)浸出工艺简易可行。流经水域受污染河段稀土资源流失严重,水样Pb含量为303~2809μg·L^(-1),属于严重超标。本研究可为硬岩型稀土尾矿资源的二次开发利用和矿区生态环境保护提供实例。

Previous exploration and systemic researches of Maoniuping REE deposit has verified the primary ore resources of LREE,summarized the geological metallogenic conditions and established the metallogenic model. The development of the mine in three decades have produced a lot of tailings piled up along the both banks of Nanhe River in Machang village. No one can tell their REE contents,the existence state of REE,and whether they can be considered as a potential REE resource,how much the resources can be,and whether the REE resources can be recyclable. An oriented research focused on the above questions has been undertaken since 2013,and its result showed that the REE contents range from 0. 8% to 1. 02%,and the estimated resource equates to a middles scale REE deposit,and the accompany minerals such as barite（BaSO4）,celestite（SrSO4） and elements of Ga,Mn,Mo and Pb etc. could be recyclable. The REE of the tailings are dominated by bastnasites at the grains above 300 meshes and an adsorbed state among the Fe,Mn colloid below 300 meshes,so that the treatment proposal of gravity-magnetic separation combined with wet dressing was put forward. These tailings near the river also severely polluted the downstream area and made the tailing REE resource loss simultaneously. The downstream water samples contain lead range from 303 to 2809 μg·L-1which was beyond the standards seriously. The study can be regarded as a model of REE resource recycles synthesis development and applications,and as a proposal for a solution of environment protection.