TYR基因研究进展

Research Progress on TYR Gene

TYR基因是酪氨酸酶相关蛋白家族(Tyrosinase-related Protein)成员之一,酪氨酸酶是黑色素合成过程中的限速酶,TYR表达量及活性的高低直接影响真黑素与褐黑素的表达,进而对动物毛色产生影响。为深入了解TYR基因结构功能、多态性及TYR基因表达量与毛皮动物毛色的相关性,本文在查阅大量文献基础上,对TYR基因结构与功能以及在临床医学、畜牧生产上的应用研究等方面进行综述。通过综述大量文献发现,TYR基因突变不仅与人类皮肤白化病有明显关系,对哺乳动物被毛白化现象也有明显关系,而且在深色被毛哺乳动物中的表达量普遍高于浅色被毛哺乳动物。

TYR gene is a member of the TYRosinase related protein families, and the TYRosinase is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melanin, TYR expression and activity of TYRosinase has directly affects on eumelanin and pheomelanin expression, and thus have an impact on animal hair color. For a deeper understanding for the function, polymorphism and the relationship between the expression of TYR gene and fur color of fur animal. On the basis of consulted a large amount of literature, The structure and function of TYR gene and its application in clinical medicine and animal husbandry were reviewed in this paper. TYR gene mutation not only has obvious relationship with human albinism, but also has obvious relationship on mammalian hair bleaching, And we found the expression of the dark coat in mammals is generally higher than that in the light colored coat.