科学合作的弱关系、强关系以及超级关系研究

Study on weak,strong and super ties of scientific cooperation networks

科研人员早期是追赶者,中期是典型的新合作机会的吸引者。基于社会网络构建美国科学院院士之间的科学合作网络并分析院士之间的合作强度,是理解院士之间合作关系演化的重要途径。本文以美国科学院2011-2015年生物学领域增选的所有院士为例,基于院士发表的SCI期刊论文数据,采用社会网络分析和文献计量学等方法,对院士之间科研合作的弱关系、强关系以及超级关系的科研特征进行了量化分析。研究结论如下:弱关系与强关系并不是对称的,每位院士在科研合作中存在至少一个强关系;与名人科学家合作发展成为强关系会加速科研事业的上升;院士之间存在超级关系,具备超级关系的院士之间合作发表论文的数量随时间变化呈现增长趋势,合作发表论文的影响力要高于其不具有超级关系的其他论文,合作研究主题随时间变化具有很强的一致性和连续性,并且合作双方之间长期合作的学术贡献近乎相等。

As early career researchers are pursuers,senior researchers are typically attractors of new collaborative opportunities. Using social network method,we build scientific collaboration network among the National Academy of Sciences members and analyze the strength of cooperation among academicians,which is an important way to understand the evolution relationship of academicians＇ collaboration network. In this paper,taking all members of the National Academy of Sciences who are elected as academicians from 2011 to 2015 in biology as an example,using SCI journal papers published by academicians and social network analysis and bibliometric methods,we make quantitative analysis of characteristics of scientific research of weak ties,strong ties and super ties between academicians in scientific research cooperation network. The main results are as follows： weak ties and strong ties are not symmetrical,each academician has at least one strong tie in the scientific research cooperation network,researchers cooperating with distinguished scientists and becoming strong ties with them will accelerate their own scientific research career. Academicians have super ties with each other,the number of co-authored paper between the super ties cooperationship academicians is growing over time,the influence of such papers is higher than papers which are published by academicians who have no super ties relationship between each other. Cooperation research topics show strong consistency and continuity over time and the contribution from both partners is almost equal during their cooperation period.