代工专用性投资有利于海外知识获取吗

Does specific investment improve OEM's overseas knowledge acquisition?

交易成本理论忽略了企业间合作可能产生的知识获取等外溢效应,难以解释国际代工企业单边专用性投资现象,为后续研究留下理论探索的空间。本文从海外知识获取的视角出发,通过交易成本理论与组织学习理论的整合,构建代工专用性投资与海外知识获取的关系模型,并检验合同专有性对上述关系的调节效应,应用AMOS17.0和SPSS16.0对229个中国代工企业进行实证检验,结论显示:(1)不同维度专用性投资对海外知识获取有不同的影响,其中,资产类专用性投资与海外知识获取呈倒U型关系,人力资本类专用性投资与海外知识获取存在正向线性关系;流程类专用性投资对海外知识获取的影响未获验证。(2)合同专有性正向调节资产类专用性投资与海外知识获取的倒U型关系。研究结论从知识获取角度为国际代工企业单边专用性投资提供了合理性解释,弥补了传统交易成本理论忽略技术学习等外溢效应的研究缺陷,为中国代工企业学习海外先进知识提供新的研究思路和管理启示。

Transaction-cost theory neglects possible spillover effect related to interfirm cooperation,such as knowledge acquisition. It is thus difficult for transaction-cost theory to explain why Original Equipment Manufacturers（OEM） make unilateral investments specific to global buyers. Based on Transaction-cost theory and organizational learning theory,this article examines the relationships between OEM specific investment and overseas knowledge acquisition（OKA）,it also investigates the moderating effect of contract specificity on these relationships. Data is analyzed using AMOS17. 0 and SPSS16. 0 based on 229 Chinese OEMs. The results suggest：（1）Different dimension of specific investment has varying effects on OKA. There is an inverted-U relationship between physical specific investment and OKA; There is a positive relationship between human capital specific investment and OKA;（2） Contract specificity positively moderates the relationship between physical specific investment and OKA. The conclusion explains reasonably well why OEM make unilateral specific investments,thus overcoming the limitation of the general transaction-cost theory ignoring the spillover effect.It also provides new research perspective of and managerial implications for Chinese OEM＇s OKA.