深海热液区微生物矿化过程的功能群和分子机制

Microbial functional groups and molecular mechanisms for biomineralization in hydrothermal vents

深海热液区富含铁、锌、铜等含金属矿物(硫化物、氧化物、碳酸盐等)和无机小分子气体(H_2S、H_2、CO_2、CH_4等),具有独特的生态系统。微生物是深海热液生态系统的主要生产者和重要组成,并以控制矿化和诱导矿化两种途径参与了深海热液区的生物地球化学循环。在深海热液区存在着不同类型的微生物参与了生物矿化过程,如硫氧化菌、金属氧化菌、硫还原菌和金属还原菌等。本文详述了这些微生物参与的生物矿化现象、菌群多样性和矿化过程的分子机制,并对研究微生物矿化的研究工作进行了展望。

Deep-sea hydrothermal fields are rich in iron, zinc, copper and other metal-bearing minerals（sulfides, oxides, carbonates, etc） and inorganic gases（H2S, H2, CO2, CH4）, which are unique ecosystems. Microbes, the base of the food chain, can control or induce the mineralization and thus influence biogeochemical cycling in deep-sea hydrothermal fields. Different types of microbial functional groups are involved in biomineralization processes, such as sulfur-oxidizing microbe, metal-oxidizing microbe, sulfur-reducing microbe, and metal-reducing microbe. Their phylogenetic diversity, molecular mechanisms for biomineralization and the prospect of microbial biomineralization were mentioned in the paper.