2015年吉林省肺结核流行特征及患者发现情况分析

Epidemiological Characteristics and Case Finding of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jilin Province in 2015

目的分析2015年吉林省肺结核流行特征及患者发现情况,为制定肺结核防治策略提供科学依据。方法2016年3——6月,通过传染病信息报告管理系统和结核病管理信息系统,收集2015年吉林省报告的肺结核患者人口学特征、肺结核及疑似肺结核患者转诊追踪、密切接触者筛查、患者发现方式等数据。结果 2015年吉林省共报告肺结核患者15 537例,其中涂阳患者4 477例,肺结核报告发病率为56.45/10万。肺结核报告发病率居前5位的地区分别为长春(64.64/10万)、四平(63.24/10万)、白城(62.26/10万)、吉林(57.66/10万)、辽源(57.40/10万)。男性肺结核发病率为77.64/10万,女性肺结核发病率为34.49/10万。0~14岁男性、女性肺结核发病率均较低,在15~24岁出现发病率小高峰,随着年龄的增长,发病率呈波动性增长趋势。肺结核患者职业以农牧渔民为主(8 514例,54.80%)。非结核病防治机构共报告应转诊肺结核及疑似肺结核患者10 063例,到位9 228例,总体到位率为91.70%。共登记涂阳肺结核患者的密切接触者8 282例,开展肺结核症状筛查8 280例,症状筛查率为99.98%。肺结核患者主要以被动发现方式为主,共12 815例〔98.80%(12 815/12 970)〕,主动方式(密切接触者检查、健康检查)发现患者155例〔1.20%(155/12 970)〕。结论吉林省应加强青年和农牧渔民肺结核防治工作,扩大健康检查人群,最大限度地发现肺结核患者,减少肺结核传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and case finding of pulmonary tuberculosis（ PTB） in Jilin Province in 2015,in order to provide scientific evidence for policy makers formulating and enacting PTB prevention and treatment strategies. Methods From March to June 2016,by searching the Communicable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System and Management Information System for Tuberculosis, we obtained the data of demographic characteristics of PTB patients,transferring and tracing status of PTB and suspected PTB patients,screening results of close contacts of PTB patients,finding ways of PTB patients in Jilin Province in 2015. Results A total of 15 537 cases of PTB were reported in Jilin Province in 2015,including 4 477 smear-positive patients,with an incidence of PTB of 56. 45/100 000. The top five incidence of PTB were Changchun（ 64. 64/100 000）,Siping（ 63. 24/100 000）,Baicheng（ 62. 26/100 000）,Jilin（ 57. 66/100 000）,and Liaoyuan（ 57. 40/100 000）. The incidence of PTB was 77. 64/100 000 in males, and 34. 49/100 000 in females. The incidence of PTB was low in the 0-14 age group,but it showed a small peak in the 15-24 age group. With the increase of age,the incidence displayed a fluctuation of growth. Most of the PTB patients,8 514 cases（ 54. 80%） were farmers,herdsmen and fishermen. A total of 10 063 cases of PTB and suspected PTB patients were reported to be transferred by non-TB dispensaries. Of them,9 228 cases were given corresponding management with a rate of 91. 70%. There were 8 282 registered close contacts of the smear-positive PTB patients,8 280 of them performed tuberculosis screening,with a tuberculosis screening rate of 99. 98%. A total of 12 815 cases,accounting for 98. 80%（ 12 815/12 970）,were found with PTB passively,however,the other 155 caseswere found actively by tuberculosis screening in the close contacts of PTB patients and physical examination,only accounted for1. 20%（ 155/12 970）. Conclusion In order to find the PTB patients and reduce the spread of tuberculosis to the most extent,it is suggested that Jilin Province should strengthen the prevention and treatment of PTB in young people,farmers,herdsmen and fishermen,and expand the coverage of population undergoing physical examination.