前列腺癌实验室诊断方法研究进展

Laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of prostate cancer:An update

近年来前列腺癌的发病率呈上升趋势,是导致患恶性肿瘤男性死亡的主要原因之一,其早期症状不明显,20%的患者初诊时已发生转移。早期诊断率低是我国前列腺癌病死率高于欧美国家的主要原因。前列腺癌患者的血液、尿液、精液中存在着特异性和敏感性较高的诊断标志物,如早期前列腺癌抗原、ERG蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶9、GSTP1甲基化等,联合检测可以提高前列腺癌早期诊断率,做到早发现、早治疗,为患者的治疗提供机会,进一步延长患者的生存期。

The prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing, which is one of the leading causes of malignancy-associated deaths of males. Because the early symptoms of prostate cancer are not obvious, 20% of the patients have metastasis at the time of initial diagno- sis. The low rate of early diagnosis of prostate cancer has contributed to a higher mortality rate in China than in Europe and the United States. Highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers exist in the blood, urine and semen of prostate cancer patients. Combined labo- ratory techniques can improve the rate of the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, help early treatment, and prolong the survival of the pa- tients.