国际比较视域下的教师教学效能感——基于TALIS调查数据的实证研究

Teachers' Teaching Efficacy on the International Perspective:Evidences from TALIS Survey

进入新世纪以来,许多欧美国家的教育政策普遍将提高教师教学效能感作为提升教育教学质量和促进教师专业发展的重要路径和政策导向。基于教师教学国际调查(TALIS)数据,本文重点考察了参与TALIS项目的 36个国家和地区的教师教学效能感,并利用夏普里值分解方法分析了影响教师教学效能感的因素。研究发现:(1)各国教师教学效能感最高的是解决学生所面临的问题和困惑,最低的是激励学习兴趣低的学生。而在我国上海,教师教学效能感最高的是让学生遵守课堂规则,最低的则是激发学生批判性思考。(2)方差分析表明各国不同性别和教龄的教师在教学效能感上存在显著差异。而在我国上海,教师教学效能感的性别差异并不显著。(3)夏普里值分解结果表明对各国教师教学效能感影响力最大的是教师工作满意度。而影响上海教师教学效能感最主要的因素是教师专业协作,建构主义理念和师生关系融洽度对教师教学效能感也有显著正向影响。为了提升教师的教学效能感,教育决策者和学校管理者应着眼于提高教师对职业和工作环境的满意度,增强教师形塑建构主义理念,营造和谐融洽的师生关系,创设鼓励教师合作实践和专业协作的文化氛围。

Since the beginning of the new century, educational policies in many European countries have formulated promoting teachers＇ teaching efficacy as an important goal to improve the quality of education. Using the TALIS data, this paper focuses on teachers＇ teaching efficacy in 36 countries and regions participating in TALIS program. The study found that： （1） The highest teaching efficacy is to solve students＇ problems and confusion, the lowest one is to stimulate students with low interest in learning. While in Shanghai, the highest teaching efficacy is to enable students to comply with classroom rules, the lowest is to stimulate students to critical thinking. （2） Variance analysis shows that teachers＇ gender and work experience had significant differences in teaching efficacy, but there is no significant gender difference in teachers＇ teaching efficacy in Shanghai. （3） Shapley value decomposition results show that teachers＇ job satisfaction is the most influential factor of teaching efficacy in TALIS countries. The most important factor influencing teaching efficacy in Shanghai is teacher professional collaboration. Teachers＇ constructivism also has a significant and positive impact on teaching efficacy. In order to enhance teachers＇ teaching efficacy, policy decision-makers should focus on improving the teachers＇ satisfaction with their occupation and work environment, shaping teachers＇ constructivism, building harmonious teacher- student relationship, and creating cultural atmosphere for teachers＇ professional collaboration.