国际中学科学教材实验内容难度比较-以高中物理为例

International Comparative Study on the Difficulty and Characteristic of Experiment in Science Textbooks for High Schools——Taking High School Physics Textbook as An Example

物理学是一门以实验为基础的科学,物理实验作为物理教材的重要内容之一,其难度是物理教材难度的重要方面。为了解我国高中物理教材中实验内容难度在国际上所处的水平,为促进我国高中物理教材关于实验内容的改进与完善,本研究选取了中国、日本、韩国、新加坡、俄罗斯、英国、法国、德国、美国、澳大利亚十个国家中具有代表性的十套高中物理教材,对教材中实验内容难度、广度和平均深度等进行了比较。结果表明,我国高中物理教材的实验内容难度最大,实验数量最多,但实验的平均深度则排序第八,这说明我国高中物理教材的实验内容设计有"广而浅"的取向。建议适当增加实验内容深度,加强探索性与验证性等学生实验,使教材中的实验能有效促进学生的能力发展。

Physics is a science based on experiment. The difficulty of physics experiment in textbook is related to the achievement of physics learning goals. In order to obtain information about the relative difficulty level of experiment in our high school physics textbooks in the world, physics textbooks from ten countries are analyzed in this research, which are from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Australia and China. This study will provide reference for the compilation and revision of the experimental content of Physics Textbooks of senior high school in China. The results indicate that the width and difficulty of experiment in China both ranks first, and the average depth of experiment in China ranks eighth. It means that the experiment of physics textbooks in China isn＇t difficult, and our physics textbooks on the hand of experiment show the characteristics of broad and shallow.