回归观念：意识形态教育的重建

The Return of Ideology:Reconstruction of the Ideological Education

从源头上讲,意识形态源自于某个重要人物的个人观念,但是,一旦获得公开表达与官方传播,它就会发挥其广泛的社会影响并最终取得众多社会成员的赞同与接受。由此,意识形态在实现其从"个人观念"到"集体信念"身份转换的过程中,也取得了其在众多社会舆论中的宰制地位。问题是,教育过程不同于政治宣传。然而,当意识形态以"共同价值"或者"公共善"的面貌取得其在学校中强制推行的合法地位时,其拒绝接受讨论、检证与批判的独断性与排他性,往往会使这种以理论或者知识形式出场的意识形态教育过程蜕变为一种强制性的灌输过程,进而彻底消解了其作为一项教育内容的对话空间和讨论可能,并最终丧失其在实践中应有的行为指导作用。为此,在学校教育的过程中,让意识形态回归其"观念"本义,亦即将意识形态从一种完成时态的结果性定论转变为一种在特定现实情境中产生的个人看法,不仅能够充分再现意识形态的生命活力,有效调动学习者的学习欲望。而且,更为重要的是,这还将为学生通过个人经验和理性思考来重新领会与检证意识形态的说服力提供可能空间,让意识形态教育成为一种名副其实的教育过程,并最终实现其作为"共同价值"在最广泛社会群体中的价值导向作用。

Initially, the ideology derives from someone＇s individual idea, while as expressed in public and spread officially, it may generate wide social impacts in mass social members and be accepted by them, by which the ideology has transferred its identity from ＂individual idea＂ to ＂collective belief＂ and effect its hegemonic footing in public voices. The problem is educational process is different from political. However, when ideology gets its legitimate status as ＂common value＂ or ＂common good＂ in school and implements compulsorily, its arbitrary and excluded attitude, such as refusing to be discussed, examined and critiqued, will usually descend such ideological theory or knowledge education into a forced infusion process, which may thoroughly dispel its dialogical space and discussing possibility as an educational content, and finally lose its due deed-guided function in practice. So, return ideology into its original meaning as ＂idea＂ in schooling, namely, transforming the ideology from a result conclusion as perfect tense into an individual opinion in definite real context, which may reproduce the vitality of ideology and effectively arouse students＇ learning desire; furthermore, this will also provide possible space for students to re-comprehend and examine the persuasiveness of ideology through personal experience and rational thinking, making ideological education worthy its name as education, and finally carry out its value-guided function as ＂common value＂ in most wide social groups.