锡林浩特市露采煤炭区土地利用的扰动分析

Analysis on Land Use Disturbances of Surface Coal Mining in Xilinhot

利用锡林浩特市周边3个时期(2005,2009和2015年)的Landsat系列遥感影像,采用监督分类及人机交互解译的方法,将研究区土地利用类型分为露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地、农用地、城市建设用地和草地7类,对土地利用和土地覆被变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change,LUCC)进行分析。结果表明,草原区露天煤矿开发对草原生态系统扰动剧烈,采矿作业区(露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地)的面积及占比呈上升趋势,草地的面积及占比不断减少;土地利用变化转移矩阵表明,采矿扰动因素中,排土场对LUCC影响较大,对排土场进行有效复垦,可减缓生态环境破坏速度,对保护脆弱的草原生态系统具有重要意义;提出草原露采煤炭区LUCC的遥感监测可以准确反映矿区土地利用变化的动态过程和发展趋势,为矿区生态重建提供科学支持。

According to Landsat images over Xilinhot acquired in 2005, 2009 and 2015, using supervised classification and human- computer interactive interpretation, the land use type was divided into seven classes, i. e. , open stope, stripping area, waste-dump area, mine industrial area, farmland, urban area and the original landscape. Dynamic analysis on LUCC showed that open-pit coal mine in the grassland disturbed grassland ecosystem violently. The coverage and proportion of mining operation areas （ open stope, stripping area, waste-dump area, mine industrial field） increased, while those of the original landscape decreased continuously. The transfer matrix of land use change showed that waste-dump had the largest impacts in the mining disturbance, and that the effec- tive reclamation of waste-dump areas would slow down the eco-environment destruction, as would be of great significance in protec- ting the fragile grassland eco-system. Remote sensing monitoring of open-pit coal mining in grassland would accurately reflect the dy- namics and trend of LUCC, as would provide scientific support for ecological reconstruction in open-pit mining area.