消费视角下的贫困测度及精准扶贫探索——基于我国农村地区消费型贫困的调研

On Poverty Measurement and Precise Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Consumption——Based on the Research of Consumption Poverty in Chinese Rural Areas

近几十年来,中国致力于反贫困并取得了巨大成就,但是在理论研究与现实操作中,识别与测度贫困的"收入标准一维法",往往使收入之外的贫困人口长期脱离于扶贫视野之外,为精准扶贫工作带来难度。安格斯·迪顿关于消费、贫困与福利相关性的研究表明,贫困研究的思路正走向多维化,消费视角下的贫困作为整体贫困的一个重要维度,对我国扶贫策略的制定具有较大的现实意义。尽管我国经济发展已经取得了举世瞩目的成就,但消费不足导致的贫困依然存在,消费贫困在广大农村地区尤为显著。引入消费贫困的多维分析方法,客观、科学地分析贫困人口享受基本福利的情况,是减少贫困的一个重要途径。我们通过确定收入水平、消费水平、消费结构、个人生活水平和家庭生活水平作为消费贫困的影响因素,在消费层面查找多重"贫根",为实现精准扶贫工作中的"靶向治疗"提供科学的理论依据。

In the past several decades China has been committed to the fight against poverty and has made great achievements. But in the theoretical research and practical operation to identify and measure the poverty by the single dimension of income standard often keeps the poverty population beyond the in- come standard out of sight of China＇s poverty alleviation. Although China＇s economic development has made remarkable aehievements, the poverty led by the lack of consumption still exists. Consumption poverty in rural areas is particularly conspicuous. It is an important way to reduce poverty by introducing the multidimensional analysis method of consumption poverty and analyzing the situation of the basic welfare of the poor objectively and seientificall. Through the determination of income level, consumption level, consumption structure, personal living standard and family living standards as the influencing fac- tors of consumption poverty, we are finding out multiple sources of poverty at the consumption level, which has provided a scientific theoretical basis for the realization of ＂targeted treatment＂ in the effort of precise poverty alleviation.