中国城市农民工多维贫困测度与精准扶贫策略选择

On Multidimensional Poverty Measurement of Urban Migrant Workers in China and the Choice of Precise Poverty Alleviation Strategies

本文基于阿玛蒂亚·森的微观贫困形成机理的分析框架,在传统收入与消费支出为核心的"单维"贫困路径之外,通过微观大样本数据探究在城市非正规部门就业的我国农民工群体"多维"贫困的程度及微观影响因素。结果表明,除工资收入以外,我国城市农民工所面临的权利贫困、精神贫困、福利贫困、能力贫困与资产贫困问题十分突出但却长期被忽视。我国农村精准扶贫必须消除相对固化的城乡二元结构并在完善市场机制的基础上进行城乡动态治理,建构以权利公平和机会公平为核心的城乡要素流动机制与公共福利分享机制,通过机制诱导并逐步形成农村贫困问题内生化消解的路径方案。

Beyond the ＂one dimension＂ poverty path with traditional income and consumption expendi- ture as the core and through the micro sample data, this paper explores ＂multidimensional＂extent of pov- erty and micro influence factors of the groups of Chinese migrant workers employed in the informal sector in cities. The results show that, in addition to wage income, the poverty of rights, spirit, welfare, ability and assets of urban migrant workers are very prominent, but these factors have long been ignored. Claim＇s rural poverty alleviation must eliminate the urban and rural binary structure, and conduct a balanced urban and rural governance on the basis of improving the market mechanism. With the rights equi- ty and opportunity equality as the core, China should build a mobile mechanism of urban and rural factors as well as public welfare sharing mechanism, and gradually find out solutions to the issues of rural poverty through the induction of mechanism.