天然双四氢呋喃类木脂素化合物的化学研究进展

Research Progress of Chemical Compounds in Tetrahydrofuran Lignans

目的:木脂素类是一类由苯丙素氧化聚合而成的天然产物,其在植物中广泛存在,目前已在樟科、松科、胡椒科、爵床科、肉豆蔻科、五味子科、木兰科、小檗科、菊科、瑞香科、马兜铃科等上百个科的植物中发现该类化合物。根据其支链连接不同,分为多种结构类型,包括二芳基丁烷类、二芳基丁内酯类、芳基萘类、四氢呋喃类、双四氢呋喃类、苯并呋喃类、双环辛烷类、联苯类等。其中,双四氢呋喃类木脂素(2,6-diary-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane),又称为双环氧木脂素,是一类通过8-8',7-O-9',9-O-7'进行连接的结构类型。迄今从自然界中发现该类化合物以单体形式存在的有100多种。该类化合物生物活性十分广泛,越来越多的该类化合物和相关生物活性被相继报道,主要包括抗肿瘤、肝保护、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎以及免疫抑制等。本文就该类化合物的生物合成途径、化学结构及结构解析3个部分进行了综述。通过对其生物合成途径的介绍,总结了目前报道的不同取代的结构特点,并利用质谱、核磁等方法对不同结构中构型的确定进行介绍,为其进一步研究提供参考,以期促进木脂素类化合物的研究和开发。

Objective： Lignans compounds are widely found in hundreds of plant families, such as lauraceae, pinaceae, angiospermae, nutmeg, pepper, fructus schisandrae, magnoliaceae, berberidaceae, compositae, thymelaeaceae and aristolochiaceae. According to the difference of branched chains, it can be divided into multiple structural types, including diaryl butane, diaryl butyrolactone, aryl naphthalene, tetrahydrofuran, bistetrahydrofuran, coumarone, double loop octane, biphenyl type, etc. Among them, bistetrahydrofuran （2, 6- diary-3, 7-dioxabicyclo [3.3.0] octane） is also known as bisepoxylignan, and a type of structure connected hrough 8-8＇, 7-9-0＇, 9-0-7＇. So far, more than 100 types of such compounds in the monomeric form have been found in nature. These compounds have wide biological activities, which has been increasingly reported and mainly include anti-tumor, hepatoprotection, antioxidation, antiviral, anti-inflammation and immune suppression. In this paper, biosynthetic pathways of these compounds, chemical structures and structure analysis were summarized to provide reference for further studies.